Which population groups are at risk and why?
This section will focus on core epidemiological issues that take account of fixed risk factors (such as age, gender, ethnicity, family history) and modifiable risk factors (such as behaviour). The wider determinants of health (such as housing, transport and environment) are also considered.
Age
Young people, particularly those who are NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training), are at higher risk of poor educational outcomes and unemployment.
Older adults are more likely to have lower qualifications and face barriers to employment, such as outdated skills and age discrimination.
Gender
Boys tend to have lower educational attainment compared to girls, impacting their future employment opportunities.
Girls, especially in certain regions, may face barriers to education due to cultural norms and gender-based discrimination.
Socioeconomic status
Students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds face significant barriers to education and skills development, including limited access to resources and support.
Homeless individuals often struggle with consistent access to education and face higher dropout rates.
Qualifications
People with lower levels of education are more likely to be unemployed or in low-paying jobs, limiting their career prospects. Those with outdated skills face challenges in adapting to new technologies and job requirements.
Mental health
Mental health issues can significantly impact educational outcomes and employability, requiring targeted support.
People with disabilities
People with disabilities often face additional barriers to education and employment, including accessibility issues and discrimination.
Ethnicity
Minority ethnic groups may face challenges in accessing education and employment due to factors such as discrimination and language barriers.
Prisoners
Ex-offenders often struggle with reintegration into society and finding employment, requiring targeted support to improve their education and skills.
Sexual Orientation
LGBTQ+ individuals may experience discrimination that affects their education and career prospects, necessitating supportive environments and policies.
Looked After Children
Looked after children often have disrupted education and lower attainment levels, requiring additional support to achieve their educational and career goals.